Firstly, the general situation of non-coal underground mines and hard rock tunnels in China.
China mine construction market, especially underground rock excavation market, has become the largest and most diversified market in the world. Among 75,894 large, medium and small mines, there are 8,032 non-coal mines mined underground. Or state-owned listed companies have more than 100 super-large mines with an annual capacity of more than 1 million tons, state-owned and private medium-sized mines with an annual capacity of more than 300-1 million tons, and a large number of small mines with an annual capacity of less than 300,000 tons. In addition, China is the largest infrastructure construction market in the world; In recent years, the number of high-speed railway tunnels is huge, and the growth of rock excavation engineering and excavation equipment is particularly obvious.
Under the background of supply-side reform, the mining industry concentration of major domestic minerals such as iron ore, copper ore and gold ore has been further strengthened, and some super-large underground mines have increasingly reflected their scale advantages and future development potential. For example, Angang Group has designed more than 5 million tons, Yunnan Tongdahongshan Copper Mine has an annual output of more than 3 million tons, and Shandong Jinsanshan Island Gold Mine has an annual output of more than 1 million tons. These trends provide more opportunities and challenges for underground non-coal mine equipment.
Table 1-1 Definition of Scale of Non-coal Underground Mine
Second, China's non-coal underground mine and hard rock tunnel equipment market and competition analysis
(1) China non-coal underground mine and hard rock tunnel equipment market
Mine equipment mainly includes more than 100 specifications such as drilling equipment, mining equipment, mine hoisting equipment, crushing and grinding equipment, screening equipment and washing equipment. China's mining equipment market can be divided into coal mine equipment and non-coal mine equipment. This paper focuses on non-coal mine equipment, which can be divided into ferrous mine, nonferrous mine and nonmetallic mine. Non-coal mine underground equipment mainly includes auxiliary equipment such as rock drilling equipment, mining equipment, slag transportation equipment, hair prying equipment, laying equipment, grouting trolley and underground ventilation equipment. According to the data of various trade associations, the domestic market capacity is about 30-50 billion yuan per year, accounting for about 8-10% of the total investment in fixed assets of non-coal mines.
Application diagram of non-underground coal mining machinery and equipment
In order to get a better understanding of mine customers and construction customers, the whole underground mine and infrastructure hard rock tunnel equipment market can be segmented according to customers' characteristics and needs. The market is subdivided into high-end underground mine customers, high-end underground mine customers, low-end underground mine customers, high-end hard rock tunnel construction customers, middle-end hard rock tunnel construction customers, low-end underground mine customers and low-end tunnel construction customers.
Market segmentation will help to understand the customer's value proposition more clearly, and select the target market segment according to the advantages and disadvantages of mining enterprises and the market environment. In the main rock piercing, mining and transportation applications of underground mine equipment and hard rock tunnels in China, high-end large-scale mines mainly choose efficient mechanized hydraulic equipment, and a few forward-looking customers start to choose more advanced and efficient automatic hydraulic equipment; Medium-sized and large-scale mines mainly choose mechanized hydraulic equipment with good reliability, and medium-sized and large-scale hard rock tunnel excavation projects choose mechanized hydraulic equipment or manual pneumatic equipment according to their own conditions; Low-end underground mines and small and medium-sized hard rock tunnels are more inclined to choose manual pneumatic equipment.
(2) Market competition analysis of non-coal underground mines and hard rock tunnel equipment in China
Among the rock piercing, mining, transportation and auxiliary equipment mainly used in non-coal underground mines and hard rock tunnels in China, the market competition of high-end automation and mechanization equipment is low at present, and only two world-leading equipment suppliers have participated in the high-end equipment market. The competition degree of middle-end mechanized equipment is medium level. More and more domestic and foreign equipment suppliers have successfully entered the market, and a few domestic suppliers can gain local advantages in a certain area or application. The competition between low-end mechanized equipment and low-end equipment is high, and many small and medium-sized equipment suppliers at home and abroad have participated in the market competition.
High-end automation and mechanization equipment market The high-end automation and mechanization equipment market of mining engineering is basically monopolized by two leading companies in the industry, Epiroc is one of them, and the other is from Sandvik, Europe. Epiroc and Sandvik rank the top two in the global market share of high-end underground mining and transportation equipment. Other imported brand providers, such as BoartLongyear, Furukawa and Caterpillar, have unsatisfactory performance in the domestic high-end market due to various reasons, and their market share is very low.
In the middle-end mechanized equipment market of underground non-coal mines and hard rock tunnel excavation projects in China, the market capacity of the middle-end market is relatively large, the customer demand is relatively diversified, the profit margin is relatively objective, and the market appeal is strong. Therefore, almost all the world-renowned mining equipment suppliers and domestic traditional and new mining equipment suppliers are gathered. The market share of the mid-market is still ahead of Epiroc and Sandvik, however, the leading edge is not big. With the rapid development in 2013-2019, domestic suppliers of underground mining equipment grew rapidly during the great development of mining industry in 2006-2013. By 2020, their product market share in the local market has achieved a leading position. For example, domestic brands such as Shandong Lingong, Zhejiang Kaishan, Huatai Mining and Metallurgy, Xugong Tiezhuang, Zhigao Tunneling, Jiangxi Xintong and so on, Yantai Xingye and Beijing An Qisheng small and medium tonnage hauling machine, occupy a leading position in the mid-end market. Domestic construction machinery giants such as China Railway Construction Heavy Industry, China Railway Equipment, No.3 and Xugong have also acquired foreign cutting-edge brands through independent research and development, absorbed foreign cutting-edge technologies, and entered the field of underground mines and hard rock tunnel excavation engineering. After five years of research and development, the reinstalled one-arm full hydraulic rock drill rig was released in 2015. In 2010, Xugong demonstrated a large full hydraulic three-arm rock drill rig at the exhibition. In the next few years, Xintong Machinery and Chigo Tunneling, XCMG series three-arm drilling jumbos were also sent to many tunnel construction sites in China to drill holes and break rocks; All-hydraulic three-arm drilling jumbo of China Railway Construction, China Railway Equipment, and all-computer three-arm drilling jumbo are rolled off the assembly line one after another, and put into major projects such as national large-scale infrastructure construction and tunnel growth. Other well-known foreign suppliers are also seeking to make breakthroughs in the mid-market and improve their position in the China market. After Caterpillar, the global construction machinery giant, acquired Elphinstone and Bucyrus, a lot of product development and market penetration have been carried out in the domestic market. Although the market performance has not met Caterpillar's expectations, it has also improved. Furukawa, the leader of rock excavation in Japan, has been evading various strategies for many years, trying to improve our position in the domestic market. Although it is difficult to make a difference in the high-end market, we have made some achievements in the mid-end market with the largest market capacity. For details, see Table 2. Competition situation of China non-coal underground mine equipment market.
Table 2 Competition Situation of China Non-coal Underground Mine Equipment Market
In the low-end mechanized equipment market of underground non-coal mines and hard rock tunnel excavation projects in China, small pneumatic rock jumbo and hand-held pneumatic drill with low equipment investment and relatively low efficiency and high unit cost are still the mainstream.
Since the introduction of low-end mechanized equipment in the late 1980s, Shenyang wind, Tianshui wind, Nanjing wind and Lianhua mountain wind have been successfully popularized and widely used in small underground mines and hard rock tunnel excavation projects for a long time. Low-end mechanized equipment is characterized by low investment in equipment procurement, but low efficiency, high unit use cost, high cost of consumables and maintenance, and a large number of manual operations are needed to complete road excavation. When commodity prices rise, hand-held wind-driven small-sized wind drill jumbo provides flexible solutions for small and medium-sized mine customers, and also dilutes the sensitivity of customers to unit use cost. In this field, domestic suppliers of small pneumatic rock drilling jumbo and hand-held goggles have high market share and fierce price competition. However, some of the world's leading suppliers of mining equipment have entered the low-end mechanized equipment market through mergers and acquisitions and joint ventures. For example, in the early 21st century, Epiroc21 successfully entered this highly competitive Red Sea market with its domestic holding brand by gradually increasing its capital with Shenyang Fengdong joint venture. Sandvik, together with other world-leading providers, are also trying to enter the market through cooperation and mergers and acquisitions.
In recent years, especially after 2012, the prices of bulk commodities, especially precious metals and basic metals, have fallen, and mines have begun to pay more attention to the cost per unit ore or mine, the rise of labor costs and the shortage of underground labor. Some farsighted small and medium-sized mines themselves
